Chronology of Italy 1919–1945 History of the Fascist Regime and Its Dissolution Italian Fascism #995684

The present chronology reconstructs the history of Italy from 1919, the year of the foundation of the Fasci di Combattimento, to 1945, when the war ends and the fascist regime collapses definitively after the experience of the Italian Social Republic and the death of Benito Mussolini. The time span considered therefore encompasses the entire development of fascism: from its origins as a political movement, to the conquest of power, the transformation into a totalitarian regime, the wartime crisis, the dissolution of the fascist state, and the emergence of armed resistance.
The work follows a broad and systematic documentary approach. For each year, the most significant events are reported, selected to offer a comprehensive view of the country's life. The narrative intertwines political developments with economic, social, and cultural dynamics, including legislation, decrees, circulars, international treaties, institutional changes, editorial activity, the publication of newspapers and books, as well as essential biographical information on relevant figures through their births and deaths. Whenever available, full texts of documents or links to official sources are provided, ensuring a verifiable and consultable historical framework.
A central part of the chronology is devoted to the military events that involved Italy. The Ethiopian War of 1935–1936 is examined in its political and military context, as a turning point in fascist foreign policy and in the construction of the empire. The Second World War is treated in its entirety, following the evolution of the front, the regime's strategic choices, the economic and social consequences of the conflict, and the progressive disintegration of the state apparatus. Considerable attention is given to the partisan war, to the formation of the various groups, to the activities of the GAP, the Garibaldi brigades, the autonomous and Catholic formations, to the decisions of the CLN, and to the internal dynamics of the resistance. Nazi‑fascist massacres, deportations, anti‑Jewish persecutions, and repression operations are documented with care, in order to convey the complexity and dramatic nature of those years.